Glossary

C

Cosmos: NVIDIA's physical AI world foundation model platform for synthetic data, world-state prediction, and action trajectory generation. (Ch 3)

G

GR00T: NVIDIA Isaac's humanoid foundation model family, including VLA models, synthetic data workflows, and post-training tools. (Ch 4)

I

Isaac Lab: A GPU-accelerated robot learning framework built on Isaac Sim for reinforcement learning and sim-to-real experiments. (Ch 2)

Isaac Sim: NVIDIA's Omniverse-based robot simulation environment for sensors, physics, robot assets, and synthetic data workflows. (Ch 2)

O

Omniverse: An OpenUSD-based industrial digital twin and simulation platform used to validate manufacturing lines, robots, sensors, and logistics flows. (Ch 2)

P

Physical AI: AI that perceives, reasons, and acts in the physical world. In manufacturing, it is implemented as a closed loop linking sensors, simulation, robots, edge compute, and quality feedback. (Ch 1)

V

VLA (Vision-Language-Action): A model family that converts visual observations and language instructions into robot actions. RT-2, OpenVLA, pi0, and GR00T are representative examples. (Ch 4)